Application of Geographic Information Systems for the analysis of the behavior of oil spills in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. A systematic review between the years 2017 - 2022

Authors

Espinoza Tongo, Maria Cristina Emperatriz

Luján Rojas, Jessica Marleny

Cárdenas Gutierrez, Liana Ysabel

Abstract

– Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are currently applied in the evaluation of different eventualities, including oil spills. Considering that, this review aims to know the application of GIS in the behavior of oil spills from the analysis of research articles, applying the PRISMA methodology and eligibility criteria, the latter consisted of the frequency of publication, language, IMRD structure, accessibility and research topic. Finding a total of 52 articles for this review, with which it was determined that the most sensitive areas are marine (High Seas), coastal (beaches, dunes and bays), tropical and rivers. Likewise, the causes of spills were the collision of ships and the rupture of pipes. In the same way, the most applied GIS software was identified, these being ArcGIS (38.5%), Google Earth (5.8%), QGIS (3.8%), SNAP (7.7), among others. It is worth mentioning that the data was validated using In situ data, ANOVA analysis, Confusion matrix, Kappa coefficient, Mann-Whitney test and ANOSIM analysis. The occurrence of spills in marine and terrestrial areas, caused mostly by the transport and state of hydrocarbon pipelines, was concluded, identifying itself as the main program applied to ArcGIS and validating the results with different techniques depending on the article.